How a Switching Power Supply Works with Complete Smartphone Charger Circuit Diagram Example
How a Switching Power Supply Works with Complete Smartphone Charger Circuit Diagram Example
Complete Circuit Diagram:
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Switching Mode Power Supply Circuit diagram (SMPS)
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Hello friends. Today I'll be showing you how to make a Switching Power Supply with a detailed description about the working of a practical Circuit. It's a simple yet very capable Self-Oscillating Flyback Switch Mode Power Supply which has a Regulated output of 12Volts and a Current capacity of up to 10Amps.
Overview:A switch-mode power supply (SMPS) is a type of power supply that efficiently converts electrical power from one form to another using electronic switching devices. Here's a brief explanation of the key components and stages in the operation of an SMPS:
Input Filter: The input filter is the first stage and consists of components like inductors and capacitors. Its purpose is to reduce high-frequency noise and filter out unwanted signals from the incoming AC power source.
Input Bridge Diode Rectifier: The rectifier converts the incoming AC voltage into a pulsating DC voltage. A common rectifier configuration is a bridge rectifier, which allows the flow of current in one direction.
Power Factor Correction (PFC): PFC is often employed to improve the power factor of the input current. This ensures that the load appears more resistive to the power source, reducing the reactive power and making the power supply more efficient.
Switching Transistor: The heart of the SMPS is a switching transistor, typically a MOSFET or an IGBT. It rapidly switches on and off, controlling the flow of current through the transformer, and thus regulates the output voltage.
Control IC (Integrated Circuit, or Self Oscillating Circuit): The control IC monitors the output voltage and provides feedback to the switching transistor to maintain the desired output. It adjusts the duty cycle (on-off time ratio) of the switching transistor to regulate the output voltage.
Ferrite Transformer: The transformer in an SMPS is usually a ferrite core transformer. It steps up or steps down the voltage as required by the application. The use of a ferrite core allows for high-frequency operation and compact transformer design.
Secondary Output Rectifier and Filter: The transformed AC voltage on the secondary side of the transformer is rectified using diodes to convert it back to DC. A filter composed of capacitors and inductors smoothens the pulsating DC, reducing ripple and noise.
Output Voltage Feedback Circuit for Regulation using Optocoupler: An optocoupler is often used to provide feedback from the output to the control IC while maintaining electrical isolation. The feedback circuit monitors the output voltage, sending a signal to the control IC, which then adjusts the switching transistor to maintain a stable output voltage.
In summary, an SMPS efficiently converts electrical power through a series of stages, including input filtering, rectification, power factor correction, switching control, transformer operation, secondary-side rectification and filtering, and output voltage regulation using feedback through an optocoupler. This design allows for compact, lightweight, and energy-efficient power supplies suitable for a wide range of electronic devices.
Watch my YouTube Video Tutorial:How an SMPS Works:
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| flyback smps circuit |
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